The Scramble for the Amazon and the "Lost Paradise" of Euclides da Cunha

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In the late nineteenth century, the imperial and industrial powers relied heavily on rubber sourced solely from the Amazon basin, igniting a fierce competition among Britain, France, Belgium, and the United States against Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. Amidst this turmoil, Euclides da Cunha, a prominent Brazilian writer, engineer, and political theorist, embarked on a perilous survey expedition into the Amazon's remote and treacherous landscapes. His journey unfolds against a backdrop of guerrilla warfare, desperate migrants, and native enslavement, all while he grappled with personal turmoil from a broken marriage. Da Cunha worked on his ambitious masterpiece, a nationalist synthesis of geography, philosophy, and journalism titled Lost Paradise, intending to expose the complexities of the Amazon's explorers, spies, and brutal geopolitics. However, he never completed it; his life was tragically cut short when he was murdered by his wife's lover upon returning home. This narrative serves as both a biography of a remarkable writer and a compelling chronicle of the Amazon's social, political, and environmental history, while also presenting the unfinished fragments of da Cunha's work, showcasing a thrilling intellectual endeavor.