Africa Since 1800

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Focusing on the transformation of Africa from the late 18th to the 20th century, the book examines the impact of external forces through commercial and ideological penetration. It details the partition and colonization processes, along with the nature of colonial rule from 1885 to 1960. The latter section addresses the developments in independent Africa, culminating in events up to mid-2003, providing a comprehensive overview of the continent's historical trajectory and its ongoing challenges.