A Storm of Spears: Understanding the Greek Hoplite at War

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The backbone of classical Greek armies was the phalanx of heavily armoured spearmen, or hoplites, who played a crucial role in battles against Persia at Marathon, Thermopylae, and Plataea, as well as in conflicts among Greek city-states. For about two centuries, these soldiers dominated the Classical world and were highly sought after as mercenaries throughout the Mediterranean and Middle East. Despite extensive accounts by historians like Herodotus and Thucydides, and abundant evidence from Greek art and archaeology, many aspects of hoplite warfare remain poorly understood or hotly debated. Christopher Matthew's groundbreaking reassessment merges rigorous analysis of literary and archaeological evidence with reconstructive archaeology, re-enactment, and ballistic science. He meticulously examines the equipment, tactics, and capabilities of individual hoplites, challenging long-held assumptions. Notably, he derives fresh insights from Greek vase paintings, revealing new perspectives on how hoplites wielded their spears. These insights are bolstered by practical testing with replica hoplite gear and the experiences of dedicated re-enactors. Matthew also addresses the protective qualities of hoplite shields and armour, as well as the contentious nature of the 'othismos,' the climax of phalanx clashes. This innovative reassessment significantly enhances our understanding of these vital troops in ancient warfare.