Handbook of Ion Sources

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The Handbook of Ion Sources provides essential data for working with ion sources and aids in selecting appropriate ion sources and production methods for specific applications. Focusing on practical aspects, it introduces the fundamental functions of ion sources and defines key plasma parameters. The working principles of various ion sources are explained, accompanied by examples and operational data. Performance summaries include tables of ion current for different elements and charge states. The challenges of producing ions from non-gaseous elements are addressed, along with a compilation of useful materials for evaporation and construction. Additional chapters cover extraction and beam formation, ion beam diagnostics, electronics, and computer codes for extraction, acceleration, and beam transport. Emittance, brilliance, space charge effects, and neutralization are discussed, along with measurement methods for current, profile, emittance, and time structure, including intensity limits for various ion energies. Typical operational issues of ion source plasmas are examined, with practical circuit examples provided. The impact of high voltage on electronics and protection circuit options are also explored. Microwave generation and equipment are described, highlighting specific challenges related to microwave operation. This handbook serves as a valuable reference for practitioners and graduate students in the fields of acceler