Road2CPS

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Digital components are increasingly embedded in everyday products and services, leading to the emergence of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPS), which integrate hardware and software to connect the physical and virtual worlds. These systems utilize networked embedded technologies with sensors and actuators, enabling collaboration, adaptation, and evolution. CPS applications span various critical areas, including multi-modal transport, health, smart factories, smart grids, and smart cities. The anticipated growth in CPS deployment over the coming decades presents significant opportunities for innovative applications and product development, particularly in enhancing Europe's competitive edge across multiple industries. Despite the pervasive influence of digital technologies on daily life and human-environment interactions, the complexity of CPS poses challenges related to performance optimization, safety, privacy, and security. This handbook, developed under the European project Road2CPS, coordinated by the Steinbeis-Europa-Zentrum and involving six partners from four countries, outlines the vision, challenges, and research priorities for key CPS technologies. It aims to support the European Commission in structuring future CPS research programs while providing researchers and decision-makers with insights into CPS developments. The recommendations for research priorities and innovation strategies serve as a strategic guide for inves