Schooling America

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In this informative volume, Patricia Graham, a respected historian of education, presents a vibrant history of American education over the last century. Utilizing a diverse range of sources, from government reports to engaging anecdotes, Graham illustrates the evolving demands placed on schools and their responses, albeit never as swiftly or completely as desired. In 1900, with waves of immigrants arriving, the public sought schools to assimilate students into American life, emphasizing English, arithmetic, patriotism, and values like hard work and honesty. By the 1920s, the focus shifted to addressing individual needs, with education aimed at helping children adjust to life. The 1954 emphasis was on access, particularly for African-American children in desegregated classrooms, as well as for the gifted, the poor, the disabled, and non-English speakers. Today, the focus is on achievement for all, defined by higher test scores. Throughout this intricate history, Graham introduces passionate educators, scholars, and journalists who shaped educational agendas, alongside her own family experiences, from her immigrant father's first day of school to her journey as a teacher. This book provides invaluable context for the ongoing debate on education in the U.S., offering insights into public expectations, educator responses, and the challenges that remain.