Geddes Patrick Book order (chronological)

Patrick Geddes was a Scottish biologist and sociologist who applied Darwinian ideas to human communities, advocating for social development through cultural evolution. His approach to urban renewal, termed "conservative surgery," emphasized civic and regional surveys and community involvement. Geddes was driven by a desire to improve urban living conditions, particularly in slum areas, and promoted the restorative effects of nature for city dwellers. His work significantly influenced early planning movements and social renewal, leaving a lasting impact on how we understand cities and communities.