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The term “Yugoslav Wars” refers to a series of conflicts in the former Yugoslavia linked to the state's disintegration. These wars resulted in a staggering number of deaths, injuries, and displaced individuals, significantly impacting both the economy and the environment. In some regions, lingering tensions prevent peaceful coexistence among communities. The conflicts also shattered the perception that Europe had moved beyond war, prompting a reevaluation of how to foster lasting peace on the continent. This publication offers a multifaceted analysis of the reasons behind the wars and the subsequent post-war conflicts. It examines peace efforts and treaties, highlighting their roles in conflict prevention and mitigation. The focus extends to the contributions of national actors and civil society in promoting peace policies internationally. This collection of articles aims to illuminate the political challenges of achieving peace following the collapse of Yugoslavia, showcasing both lessons learned and ongoing challenges. It serves as a crucial resource for understanding the complexities of peacebuilding in the region and the broader implications for Europe’s future.