Politics by Aristotle (Written 350 B.C.E)

Aristotle's upbringing in a royal Macedonian household and connections with influential figures like Philip of Macedon and Alexander the Great shaped his perspective, although his teachings often criticized war and conquest. He spent much of his life in Athens, where he studied under Plato and founded the Lyceum. A prolific scholar, Aristotle's writings spanned diverse fields, including biology, logic, and ethics, remaining influential for centuries. His empirical approach, including extensive research on 158 cities, informed his theories on political and ethical life, highlighting the importance of observation in philosophy.