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Franz Rosenzweig's relationship with the history of philosophy is marked by profound ambivalence. He frequently announces the end of classical metaphysics—from Parmenides to Hegel—while simultaneously drawing extensively from philosophical history for his own project. Influences such as Kant’s critical philosophy, Schelling’s radical temporality, Hegel’s dialectical method, Schopenhauer’s focus on the individual, Nietzsche’s critique of religion, Kierkegaard’s paradox, and Hermann Cohen’s philosophy of correlation are woven into his system. This raises questions about the common ground that enabled Rosenzweig to unify such diverse insights. Was this unification consistent, or merely an eclectic mix of ideas? Furthermore, did his deep ties to philosophical history hinder him from breaking away from his predecessors, or did he successfully integrate these influences into a groundbreaking framework? The contributions in this volume delve into the dialogue between Rosenzweig and his philosophical references, aiming to identify these influences and explore how he redefined them within his project. They seek to uncover the individual reader who absorbed these various influences and the universal thinker who systematized them anew.

The aim of the volume is to engage in an interdisciplinary discussion about the establishment and debates on anthropological concepts and their changes in the age of Reformation: How do anthropological concepts touch theological questions such as the freedom of will or the human likeness to God? In which ways is there a reflection on emotions? How is scientific knowledge received by theologians? How is contemporary thought on the conditio humana presented in literature and poetry? The volume combines selected papers of relevant experts with the research work of young graduate or postgraduate scholars. It tries to encourage a transdisciplinary, international discussion focused on exemplary case studies as well as systematic points of view. Thanks to the outstanding commitment of all participants of the conference we are able to present the results of this discussion, a rich and comprehensive spectrum of research work, which will encourage further research.