The paper explores the significant shift in global economic dominance from China to Europe during the 18th and 19th centuries, primarily due to the industrial revolution in Britain. It highlights how technological innovations in agriculture, manufacturing, mining, and transport transformed the economy, despite China's prior status as the largest and most efficient market. The analysis suggests that while China had many contributions that could have propelled its industrial advancement, it ultimately failed to capitalize on them, allowing Britain to take the lead.
