Christian Kreß Book order

The paper presents an empirical study exploring the concept of "languaging," a term derived from Merrill Swain's output hypothesis, which emphasizes the significance of language production in second language learning (SLL). It demonstrates that engaging in languaging can effectively aid language acquisition and suggests its incorporation into modern SLL practices. Additionally, the study highlights how errors in language use often stem from interferences with learners' native or other foreign languages, aiming to enhance awareness among both learners and educators about these challenges.

The thesis explores the rise of English as a global lingua franca, emphasizing its role in various domains such as economy and technology, where non-native speakers dominate communication. It highlights the need for research on English as a lingua franca (ELF) interactions, particularly through the Tübingen Midwestern Corpus, which includes discussions among international students. The author proposes a structured set of interview questions to analyze comprehension issues in these discussions, integrating Relevance Theory and discourse analysis to understand both linguistic and situational factors affecting communication.

The essay delves into wh-movement in English through the lens of Chomsky's Government and Binding theory, emphasizing its role in interrogative sentences. It begins with an overview of the theory and defines wh-movement, followed by a discussion on various types and constraints, particularly Ross's island constraints and Chomsky's Subjacency. The analysis addresses why some sentences appear to violate wh-island constraints while remaining acceptable to native speakers. Finally, it briefly explores wh-movement within the Minimalist Program, the successor to GB.

The essay explores the complexities of U.S. primacy in international politics, highlighting its military and economic strength as key factors in its global influence. It discusses the American belief in exceptionalism, viewing U.S. actions as a force for good. However, it also addresses the growing concerns among allies, particularly Germany and France, regarding unilateral policies under George W. Bush, exemplified by the Iraq invasion. The analysis is grounded in structural realism, providing a critical perspective on the implications of U.S. dominance and its reception worldwide.

The paper explores the ethical legitimacy of military intervention in countries like Somalia, Serbia-Montenegro, and Iraq, despite its prohibition under international law. It examines the moral justifications for a state to intervene in another's internal affairs, focusing on conditions under which such actions may be considered justified. The discussion highlights the diverse scholarly opinions regarding the moral standards that should guide a state's conduct in warfare, aiming to provide insights into this complex and contentious issue.