Michael J. Ruf Book order

Thanks to advancing experimental techniques, modern biology is uncovering an increasing array of facts about living nature, such as the complete genome sequences of various organisms, including humans. Despite these advancements, fundamental questions like "What is life?" and "Why does matter organize into more complex biological forms?" remain unanswered. Michael J. Ruf's Interaction Theory posits that this lack of understanding stems from a conceptual issue rather than merely missing experimental data. It suggests that a radically new conceptual approach is necessary to explain the essence of life and the evolution of simple molecules into complex organisms. Unlike conventional evolutionary theories, Interaction Theory emphasizes the significance of generation sequences in defining life. By examining how these sequences can persist sustainably over billions of years, the theory reveals new principles that clarify the phenomenon of increasing biological complexity. Consequently, it offers insights into why sexual reproduction occurs, the nature of species, and the essence of life itself. Furthermore, Interaction Theory extends beyond cells and organisms to encompass the self-organization of various structures undergoing evolutionary processes through multiplication, thereby explaining the increasing complexity of molecular networks, social communities, and societies over time.