The essential guide to the world of Aztec mythology, based on Nahuatl-language sources that challenge the colonial history passed down to us by the Spanish. How did the jaguar get his spots? What happened to the four suns that came before our own? Where was Aztlan, mythical homeland of the Aztecs? For decades, the popular image of the Mexica people - better known today as the Aztecs - has been defined by the Spaniards who conquered them. Their salacious stories of pet snakes, human sacrifice and towering skull racks have masked a complex world of religious belief. To reveal the rich mythic tapestry of the Aztecs, Camilla Townsend returns to the original tales, told at the fireside by generations of Indigenous Nahuatl-speakers. Through their voices we learn the contested histories of the Mexica and their neighbours in the Valley of Mexico - the foundations of great cities, the making and breaking of political alliances, the meddling of sometimes bloodthirsty gods - and understand more clearly how they saw their world and their place in it. The divine principle of Ipalnemoani connected humans with all of nature and spiritual beliefs were woven through the fabric of Aztec life, from the sacred ministrations of the ticitl, midwives whose rituals saw women through childbirth, to the inevitable passage to Mictlan, 'our place of disappearing together' - the land of the dead.
Camilla Townsend Book order
Camilla Townsend specializes in the intricate relationships between Indigenous peoples and Europeans across the Americas. Her scholarship delves into the complex interactions that shaped the continent's history. She explores the cultural exchanges, conflicts, and constant renegotiations of identity within this dynamic period. Her work illuminates perspectives often marginalized in traditional historical accounts.






- 2024
- 2021
Examines a rare set of family documents from central Mexico, originally written in Nahuatl, from the seventeenth to the early nineteenth century. Illustrates a complex indigenous world, with the challenges and opportunities of life within the Spanish colonial system.
- 2019
Fifth Sun
- 336 pages
- 12 hours of reading
Fifth Sun offers a comprehensive history of the Aztecs, spanning the period before conquest to a century after the conquest, based on rarely-used Nahuatl- language sources written by the indigenous people.
- 2017
Annals of Native America
- 352 pages
- 13 hours of reading
This study of colonial Mexico's Nahuatl-language annals brings the xiuhpohualli tradition to life. Author Camilla Townsend has deduced the authorship of most of the texts and thus is able to place the works in their rightful contexts and render the stories more accessible to modern ears than they have been before.
- 2010
Native American History Text and Reader Set
- 672 pages
- 24 hours of reading
This set includes Native America: A History (ISBN 978-1-4051-6057-5) and American Indian History: A Documentary Reader (ISBN 978-1-4051-5908-1).
- 2005
Camilla Townsend's stunning book differs from all previous biographies of Pocahontas in capturing how similar seventeenth-century Native Americans were--in the way they saw, understood, and struggled to control their world--not only to the invading English but to ourselves. Neither naïve nor innocent, Indians like Pocahontas and her father, the powerful king Powhatan, confronted the vast might of the English with sophistication, diplomacy, and violence. Indeed, Pocahontas's life is a testament to the subtle intelligence that Native Americans, always aware of their material disadvantages, brought against the military power of the colonizing English. Resistance, espionage, collaboration, deception: Pocahontas's life is shown as a road map to Native American strategies of defiance exercised in the face of overwhelming odds and in the hope for a semblance of independence worth the name.
- 2000
Tales of Two Cities
Race and Economic Culture in Early Republican North and South America
- 346 pages
- 13 hours of reading
Focusing on the economic divergence between the United States and Latin America in the nineteenth century, this study by Camilla Townsend challenges the notion that the Protestant work ethic was the key to American success. Instead, it posits that differing attitudes towards workers, rooted in colonial practices, played a crucial role in shaping economic outcomes. Townsend's innovative analysis offers a fresh perspective on the historical factors influencing development in these regions.