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Studying Jihadism is an endeavor facing several problems. For many researchers and the reading public it is difficult to accept that Jihadists do have a theology of their own and not some kind of ideology. Understanding that a phenomenon of communication that is done to a large extent in Arabic is not to be understood if research is done communication translated into or written in English. Saying it is al out there in the Internet without understanding Internet communication will help to understand terrorist phenomena like Jihadism. Ignoring that there is Jihadism IS and al-Qa'ida will guarantee that research will not be able to see the broad range of Jihadism. Last but not least, research not interested in the technologies, practices, etc., Jihadists use to commit terrorist attacks, cannot claim to study Jihadism. The contributions in this book provide knowledge in all these fields: based on Arabic language sources, theological aspects, Internet communication, groups usually ignored, the role of infographics, technical aspects, and covert and intelligence actions.

Gibt es sudanesische Fußballfans? Was denken arabische AtheistInnen? Oder gibt es libanesische LGBT-AktivistInnen? Was machen die Gewerkschaften in Bahrain? Und was macht die Erinnerung an den Arabischen Frühling in Ägypten? Welche Veränderungen gibt es für Frauen in Saudi-Arabien? Was tut sich im Oman? Kann man auch reflektiert über den Dschihadismus reden? Was denken AraberInnen über Game of Thrones? Bei der Antwort auf all diese Fragen helfen die Beiträge in diesem Band. Er zeigt Facetten der arabischen Welt, die vielen nicht bekannt sind. Die Beiträge sind aus Originalquellen geschöpft und unterscheiden sich dadurch von dem üblichen Medienlärm, der durch Unkenntnis der arabischen Sprache geprägt ist.

The contributions of this volume aim at a new, evidence based approach to Jihadism studies. What is the structure of Jihadi online communication and the dissemination of operational material online? Which errors were made by conventional Jihadism research? Which programs, apps, etc. use Jihadis to further their online communication? Next to these questions the contributors discuss the evident inability to understand basic mathematical principles in conventional Jihadism research and consider a very important video as a case study of Jihadi online communication, stressing the linguistic and theological shortcomings of conventional research. The volume is based on the understanding of theological elements as a vital part of Jihadi communication.

The study of Jihadi ideology is still in an early stage. The contributions of this volume contribute to this Ideologues of Jihad, Maoists turned Jihadists, a theory of framing of Jihadi ideas, the analysis of Jihadi masculinities and of Jihadi role models presented in online videos will further our understanding of Jihadi ideas and ideologies by exploring underresearched aspects of Jihadi ideology and theology.

This study of military pastoral care in the Kingdom of Hanover examines an alternative to the Prussian military church, which was path-breaking in military history. A comparison with the situation in Prussia and Bavaria highlights the differences, strengths and weaknesses of this ecclesiastical form of spiritual care for soldiers and their dependants. Besides a detailed portrayal of its organisation the volume presents transcriptions of numerous fundamental, hitherto unpublished sources (e. g. instructions). The biographical data, backgrounds and careers of all clergymen working in pastoral care for the Hanoverian army are recorded in a summary. An evaluation of these social aspects reveals the status of these clergymen in civil society. When the Hanoverian model was put to the test in the Battle of Langensalza, the problems associated with this were brought to light. The literature has hitherto disregarded pastoral care for catholic soldiers in the Hanoverian army. This volume describes the development of this service provided by the church. The personal data give new evidence of a hitherto unknown facet of the catholic military chaplaincy. Finally, the grounds for the Hanoverian model are exposed and an answer found to the question how the practice was changed when Prussian regulations were introduced after the annexation of Hanover. Altogether, the study makes an historic contribution to the debate on the best form of organisation of military pastoral care. It also contains examples of confessionalization in 19th-century Germany. The findings presented provide additional study material on regional and church history in Lower Saxony, but can also serve to stimulate further studies.

Jihadism has been an important issue of public discussions since 9/11. Internet media have been used by Jihadis as means of communication, propaganda, recruitment, and even training purposes. In this volume, the processes of interaction on Jihadi internet sites are analysed. Particular attention lays on the mechanisms of spreading propaganda via the internet by diverse technical means. The process of transformation of Islamic knowledge into Jihadi knowledge, the rhetorics of videos, the development of South Asian Jihadi organisations and some conceptual issues are discussed.