The current energy debate significantly impacts science, economy, and politics, particularly regarding energy saving through improved thermal insulation in buildings. Nano insulation materials (NIMs) represent the future of insulation, with the potential for nanoscale pore size reduction leading to optical transparency and new markets for polymer foams. However, realizing these materials presents challenges, such as high interfacial tension during foaming, which can lead to undesirable foam structure coarsening. To address these issues, new scientific strategies and templates are necessary, alongside a detailed understanding of the foaming process. The early stages of foaming were investigated using the principle of supercritical microemulsion expansion (POSME), which benefits from thermodynamic stability at high pressures, allowing for rapid nanoscale expansion through pressure cycles. Time-resolved small angle neutron scattering experiments, conducted with a specialized stroboscopic high-pressure cell, revealed that adding a low molecular oil as an anti-aging agent can significantly decelerate foam coarsening during expansion. Concurrently, the nanofoams by continuity inversion of dispersions (NF-CID) principle was employed to create nanoporous polymeric materials. This innovative approach generates a high density of propellant pools by inverting a CO2-soaked colloidal crystal, transforming discrete polymer nanoparticles int
