Peter G. Wallace interweaves the Reformation into the transformations of political institutions, socio-economic structures, gender relations, and cultural values in Europe. The revised second edition now incorporates the latest research, as well as a new chapter on the Reformation and Islam, expanded discussion of gender issues, and a glossary.
Recent discoveries have necessitated a complete rewriting of Phoenician history. Significant research in Phoenicia, including the tel-el-amarna letters, has unveiled a lost record of early Phoenician life. Excavations in Crete have also led to the rediscovery of the Minoan kingdom, challenging Phoenicia's ancient dominance at sea. The history of Phoenicia revolves around its independent city-states, as the Phoenicians prioritized commercial power over political unity, which was further hindered by their land's geography. Stretching about two hundred miles long and only two to fifteen miles wide, the coastline was fragmented by headlands, creating small plains named after their chief cities, such as the Plain of Tyre and the Plain of Sidon. This topography made centralized governance difficult, with no recognized capital. The narrative of Tyre serves as a focal point in the broader history of Phoenician city-states. This work is a reproduction of a significant historical text, utilizing advanced technology to digitally reconstruct and preserve its original format while addressing imperfections in the aged copy. Some flaws may remain to maintain the historical integrity of the work.