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Richard Cantillon

    Richard Cantillon was an Irish-French economist whose foundational work is considered the cradle of political economy. Despite limited biographical details, he achieved significant success as a banker and merchant early in his career. His prosperity was built upon astute political and business connections, cultivated through family ties and early professional relationships. Cantillon's economic insights were honed through his involvement in speculative ventures, which brought him great wealth but also drew the ire of debtors, who pursued him relentlessly until his death.

    Essai sur la nature du commerce en général
    Abhandlung über die Natur des Handels im allgemeinen
    Essays on the Nature of Trade in General
    Essay on the Nature of Trade in General
    • Essay on the Nature of Trade in General

      • 176 pages
      • 7 hours of reading

      The Liberty Fund edition is a modernized translation of Richard Cantillon’s Essai sur la nature du commerce en général (1755) with a new introduction by Antoin E. Murphy. In the Essay , Cantillon outlined an extraordinary model-building approach showing how the economy could be built up, through progressive stages, from a command, barter, closed economy to a market economy, which uses money and is open. Though written in the eighteenth century, the Essay has a considerable resonance for a twenty-first century audience. Antoin E. Murphy is Emeritus Professor of Economics and Fellow of Trinity College Dublin.

      Essay on the Nature of Trade in General
    • « La Terre est la source ou la matière d'où l'on tire la Richesse; le travail de l'Homme est la forme qui la produit: et la Richesse en elle-même, n'est autre chose que la nourriture, les commodités et les agréments de la vie. La Terre produit de l'herbe, des racines, des grains, du lin, du coton, du chanvre, des arbrisseaux et bois de plusieurs espèces, avec des fruits, des écorces et feuillages de diverses sortes, comme celles des Meuriers pour les Vers à soie; elle produit des Mines et Minéraux. Le travail de l'Homme donne la forme de richesse à tout cela. Les Rivières et les Mers fournissent des Poissons, pour la nourriture de l'Homme, et plusieurs autres choses pour l'agrément. Mais ces Mers et ces Rivières appartiennent aux Terres adjacentes, ou sont communes; et le travail de l'Homme en tire le Poisson, et autres avantages...»

      Essai sur la nature du commerce en général