This title was first published in 2002. Challenging conventional international relations theories, this innovative work demonstrates how the United States is attempting to 'hegemonically globalize' the entire international system.
In Viet Nam, HIV epidemics are concentrated, with a very high HIV prevalence among people who inject drugs (PWID), female sex workers (FSWs) and men who have sex with men (MSM) and very low in the general population. There has been an expansion of harm-reduction, antiretroviral treatment, care and support services. This book is based on quantitative and qualitative studies to measure HIV risk behaviour and determinants among PLHIV, examine the context of HIV risk behaviour and obstacles to behavioural changes among HIV-positive PWID, explore how PLHIV perceive and experience stigma and discrimination, and their affects on health-seeking and using HIV essential services. The findings suggest PLHIV practicing high risk of HIV transmission and access to HIV programme associated with lower risk behaviour, the anti-drug law and the police crack-down policy were critical factors hampering ongoing efforts. There is a strong link between PLHIV and drug abuse and commercial sex. Stigma was an important obstacle for PLHIV in seeking and using HIV essential services. This book should be useful for researchers, professionals, stakeholders, and policy makers in the response to HIV epidemic.