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The paper analyzes the economic structure of the former East Germany, highlighting its centralized socialist economy where state-owned enterprises dominated, comprising over 80% of total assets. It contrasts this with West Germany, noting the concentration of employment in declining sectors like agriculture and manufacturing, which employed nearly half the workforce. The underdevelopment of the service and trade sectors in East Germany is also emphasized, illustrating significant disparities between the two economies prior to reunification.

The paper examines the transformation of Asian economies over the past three decades, highlighting their remarkable growth and the unique development model that emphasizes work ethics, savings, and investment. It details the Flying Geese model, illustrating how Japan's economic strategies influenced neighboring countries. However, the landscape shifted in the 1990s with Japan's economic crisis and China's rise as a global economic power. The analysis questions whether this shift has transitioned Asia from a complementary economic environment to a competitive landscape for foreign direct investment and export markets.