Microplastics, tiny plastic particles under 5 millimeters, originate from both manufactured sources and the degradation of larger plastics, contaminating air, water, and soil. Their presence poses threats to ecosystems, causing harm to marine, freshwater, and terrestrial life. Human exposure occurs through ingestion and inhalation, raising health concerns, particularly for vulnerable groups. Detection of microplastics requires advanced methods, while regulatory efforts include bans and strategies to reduce plastic use. Future research aims to enhance detection and removal technologies.
