Principles of Political Economy: With Some of Their Applications to Social Philosophy; Volume 1
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John Stuart Mill was an influential 19th-century liberal thinker, English philosopher, and political economist. He was a key proponent of utilitarianism, an ethical theory developed by Jeremy Bentham, although his conception of it differed significantly from Bentham's. Mill's approach emphasized the quality of pleasures and individual liberty, shaping his views on society and governance. His ideas profoundly impacted political philosophy and ethics, continuing to inform debates on freedom and human welfare.
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Over himself, over his own body and mind, the individual is sovereign. The whole of John Stuart Mill's On Liberty is dedicated to this simple principle. While many of his immediate predecessors and contemporaries, from Adam Smith to Godwin and Thoreau, had celebrated liberty, it was Mill who organized the idea into a philosophy and put it into the form in which it is known today. In this text, Mill argues that liberty must play a central role in social policy, necessitating a redrawing of the line between the authority wielded by the state and the independence of the individual.