John Lubbock

This author was a pivotal figure in establishing archaeology as a scientific discipline, significantly contributing to the 19th-century debates on evolutionary theory. His work synthesized archaeological evidence to support Darwin's concept of natural selection. He notably introduced the terms 'Palaeolithic' and 'Neolithic' to delineate the Old and New Stone Ages, respectively. His literary legacy lies in his insistence on the biological divergence of human groups as a result of natural selection, influencing the understanding of human development.