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Public Health and Preventive Medicine is a textbook intended for students of general medicine and dentistry, but it can also be used by healthcare professionals. The aim of the book is to provide information on preventive activities that can prolong life expectancy and improve the quality of life of individuals and populations. The book contains an overview of main topics of the public health and the interactions between health and the environment with an emphasis on influenceable lifestyle factors in the prevention of chronic non-communicable diseases.

Many materials exhibit micro cracks, which strongly influence the propagation behavior of macro cracks and thus are vitally important for the overall load-carrying capacity of a material. Using a singlescale analysis for this class of problems is not feasible, as the incorporation of micro cracks requires a very fine discretization, which results in a high computational effort. As micro cracks only need to be accounted for in the vicinity of a macro crack front, a multiscale approach is proposed as an elegant and efficient alternative to singlescale analysis. The multiscale method is implemented in context of the three-dimensional eXtended Finite Element Method (XFEM). Special measures are taken to improve robustness and accuracy of the XFEM. A crack face contact formulation is proposed, which prevents the faces of a crack from penetrating each other and thus provides for physically meaningful results.

This Festschrift is dedicated to Professor Dr.-Ing. habil. Peter Wriggers on the occasion of his 60th birthday. It contains contributions from friends and collaborators as well as current and former PhD students from almost all continents. As a very diverse group of people, the authors cover a wide range of topics from fundamental research to industrial applications: contact mechanics, finite element technology, micromechanics, multiscale approaches, particle methods, isogeometric analysis, stochastic methods and further research interests. In summary, the volume presents an overview of the international state of the art in computational mechanics, both in academia and industry.