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Pierre Clastres

    May 17, 1934 – July 29, 1977

    Pierre Clastres was a French anthropologist and ethnographer, renowned for his fieldwork among the Guayaki people of Paraguay and his theory on stateless societies. He critiques the evolutionary notion that the state is the ultimate destiny of all societies, as well as the Rousseauian myth of the noble savage. Clastres argued that the desire for autonomy is innate, leading societies to develop customs that actively avert the rise of despotic power. He viewed the state as a specific hierarchical power structure emerging in societies that have lost mechanisms preventing the separation of power from the community. His work offers a critique of Marxist economic determinism, positing politics as an autonomous sphere that actively counteracts authority in stateless societies.

    Pierre Clastres
    Chronik der Guayaki
    Archäologie der Gewalt
    Chronique des Indiens Guayaki
    Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
    Society Against the State
    Archeology of Violence
    • Archeology of Violence

      • 335 pages
      • 12 hours of reading
      4.3(30)Add rating

      Review: "The War machine is the motor of the social machine; the primitive social being relies entirely on war, primitive society cannot survive without war. The more war there is, the less unification there is, and the best enemy of the State is war. Primitive society is society against the State in that it is society-for-war." "Anthropologist and ethnographer Pierre Clastres was a major influence on Gilles Deleuze and Felix Guattari's Anti-Oedipus, and his writings formed an essential chapter in the discipline of political anthropology. The posthumous publication in French of Archeology of Violence in 1980 gathered together Clastres's final groundbreaking essays and the opening chapters of the book he had begun before his death in 1977 at the age 43. Elaborating upon the conclusions of such earlier works as Society Against the State, in these essays Clastres critiques his former mentor, Claude Levi-Strauss, and devastatingly rejects the orthodoxy of Marxist anthropology and other Western interpretive models of "primitive societies." Discarding the traditional anthropological understanding of war among South American Indians as arising from a scarcity of resources, Clastres instead identifies violence among these peoples as a deliberate means to territorial segmentatin and the avoidance of a State formation. In their refusal to separate the political from the social, and in their careful control of their tribal chiefs--who are rendered weak so as to remain dependent on the communities they represent--the "savages" Clastres presents prove to be shrewd political minds who resist in advance any attempt at "globalization.""

      Archeology of Violence
    • Society Against the State

      • 218 pages
      • 8 hours of reading
      4.2(459)Add rating

      In this landmark text in anthropology and political science, Pierre Clastres offers examples of South American Indian groups that, though without hierarchical leadership, were both affluent and complex.

      Society Against the State
    • Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians

      • 352 pages
      • 13 hours of reading
      3.8(19)Add rating

      The narrative captures Clastres's initial fieldwork in the 1960s, detailing his interactions with the Guayaki Indians, a distinctive tribe from Paraguay that has since disappeared. Through vivid observations, the book explores their culture, social structure, and way of life, offering a poignant glimpse into a world that has been lost to time. Clastres's anthropological insights highlight the complexities of the Guayaki's existence and their relationship with the surrounding environment.

      Chronicle of the Guayaki Indians
    • Der Anthropologe und Ethnologie Pierre Clastres widmete sich zeit seines Lebens der Genealogie der Gewalt in primitiven Gesellschaften. In einer Reihe bahnbrechender, bislang nicht ins Deutsche übersetzter Essays entwickelt er die These, dass Stammesgesellschaften Gewalt systematisch praktizieren, gerade um zu verhindern, dass in ihrem Inneren das »kalte Monster« des Staates sich erhebt. Weder ist der Krieg hervorgegangen aus der Jagd (Leroi-Gourhan) noch ist er die Folge einer missglückten Handelsbeziehung (Lévi-Strauss). Nein: »Die primitive Gesellschaft ist eine Gesellschaft im permanenten Kriegszustand«, nur durch einen dauernden Schwebezustand der Feindschaft lässt sich jedwede politische Fusion verhindern und sich die Autonomie jeder (Klein-)Gruppe garantieren. Denkt man diese staatenlose Gesellschaft als »eine Vielzahl von Gruppen, von denen jede jeder anderen gleichgestellt ist, wobei jede einzelne, einer Logik der Fliehkraft folgend, nach einer Ausdehnung ihres Wirkungskreises strebt«, dann muss man den Krieg als das Mittel begreifen, welches das Fortbestehen dieser Logik garantiert, indem er unablässig Verstreuung und Zerstückelung generiert. »Nicht der Krieg ist Effekt von Segmentierung, die Segmentierung ist der Effekt des Krieges.« Im Kontext nicht endender Kriege bietet das Denken Pierre Clastres heute noch immer einen äußerst fruchtbaren Ansatz zum Verständnis der Ursachen und Motive von Gewalt.

      Archäologie der Gewalt
    • Duchovní svět indiánských kočovníků očima francouzského etnologa. Autor, přední znalec araguayských kultur, strávil rok na východě země mezi příslušníky kmene Guayaquí a o svém pobytu napsal mimořádně výstižnou knihu. Všímá si v ní všech aspektů života zmíněného společenství, od narození dítěte až po projevy kanibalismu. Hluboký psychologický vhled se prolíná s líčením materiálních podmínek života kmene.Perokresby v textu.

      Kronika indiánů Guayakí