Human Motives shows how the sciences of decision and affect support a form motivational hedonism (the theory that everything we do is done in pursuit of pleasure and to avoid pain and displeasure) while making room for both genuine altruism and intrinsic motives of duty.
Claims about consciousness in animals are often made in support of their moral standing. Peter Carruthers argues that there is no fact of the matter about animal consciousness and it is of no scientific or ethical significance. Sympathy for an animal can be grounded in its mental states, but should not rely on assumptions about its consciousness.
Peter Carruthers challenges the central assumptions of many philosophers on reflective thinking and consciousness. He draws on extensive knowledge of the scientific literature on working memory to argue that non-sensory propositional attitudes (such as beliefs, goals, and decisions) are never conscious, and never under direct intentional control.
The book offers a thought-provoking exploration of key issues in the philosophy of mind, delving into dualism and materialism, personal identity, and the challenges posed by the problem of other minds. It presents complex philosophical debates in an accessible manner, making it suitable for both newcomers and those familiar with the subject. Through its comprehensive examination of these fundamental topics, the book encourages readers to engage with essential questions about consciousness and existence.
Challenging traditional philosophical views on reflective thinking and consciousness, Peter Carruthers utilizes insights from scientific literature on working memory. He posits that non-sensory propositional attitudes—including beliefs, goals, and decisions—are inherently unconscious and not subject to direct intentional control. His argument invites a reevaluation of how we understand consciousness and the nature of our mental processes.
Do we have introspective access to our own thoughts? Peter Carruthers challenges the consensus that we do: he argues that access to our own thoughts is always interpretive, grounded in perceptual awareness and sensory imagery. He proposes a bold new theory of self-knowledge, with radical implications for understanding of consciousness and agency.
Essential for those delving into Wittgenstein's philosophy, this book offers critical insights and analyses that deepen understanding of his complex ideas. It serves as a foundational text for serious students, providing context and interpretations that illuminate key themes in Wittgenstein's work. Readers will find comprehensive discussions that challenge and enhance their grasp of his philosophical contributions.
The book explores the interplay between folk psychology—the everyday understanding of mental states—and modern scientific psychology. It delves into how traditional beliefs about human behavior and thought processes intersect with contemporary psychological theories, offering insights into the implications of this relationship for both fields. By bridging these two perspectives, it aims to enhance understanding of human cognition and behavior in a comprehensive manner.
Massive Modularity and the Flexibility of Thought
The book presents a thorough exploration of the concept that the human mind consists of numerous semi-independent modules, a key idea in evolutionary psychology. Peter Carruthers, a prominent philosopher of mind, articulates this theory with clarity while drawing on a wide array of cognitive science research. It serves as a crucial resource for those interested in understanding the structure and functioning of the mind.
Exploring the nuances of consciousness, Peter Carruthers's essays delve into his unique theory of experiential consciousness, differentiating between conscious experiencing and conscious thinking. The collection addresses provocative implications for morality and comparative psychology, particularly the controversial idea that animals might lack conscious experiences. This revised compilation is essential for scholars in philosophy of mind and cognitive science, offering deep insights and stimulating discussion on the nature of consciousness.