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Experts on language planning, cultivation, and maintenance focus on safeguarding measures for European lesser-used languages as outlined in the 1992 EU Charter. In EUROLINGUISTICS WEST, Máthuna, Broderick, Lewin, and MacKinnon discuss the Goidelic minority languages, emphasizing their maintenance, survival, and revival. EUROLINGUISTICS NORTH features Hjelde's examination of the rise of Nynorsk in Norway and North America, followed by Weinstock's analysis of the Sámi language varieties in northern Scandinavia and Russia. In EUROLINGUISTICS SOUTH, Klein details the survival of Alsatian German and highlights the importance of preserving Alsatian dialects, while Begioni addresses Italian dialects in contact with Standard Italian. EUROLINGUISTICS CENTRE includes Cathomas's description of the standardization of Rumantsch Grischun in Kanton Grisons, Switzerland, and R. Videsott's account of the standardization efforts for Ladin Dolomitan in South Tyrol, contrasting sharply with the decline of Esseker Deutsch in Croatia, as discussed by Kortic. Socanac provides an overview of language policy in the Habsburg Monarchy concerning major and minor languages in Croatia. EUROLINGUISTICS EAST features Iamshanova's comparison of language policy in the former Soviet Union post-1917 and in the Russian Federation post-1992. Finally, Merolle and Piirainen present a new approach in EUROLEXICOGRAPHY and GLOBAL FIGURATIVE PHRASEOLOGY.

The 21 articles in this collection were presented in workshops held in Lisbon (Sept. 2009), Moscow (June 2010), and Rome (May 2011). Organized into five chapters, the book explores various aspects of general and Europewide Eurolinguistics. Chapter I features contributions from Schmitt, Broderick, Krasukhin, Kremer, Fu 3, and Socanac. Chapter II introduces a novel perspective on TRANS-EURASIAN languages, with Robbeets comparing typologically and historically Japanic, Koreanic, Tungusic, Mongolic, and Turkic languages, highlighting their linguistic similarities. Broderick also examines EURAFRICAN contacts from the 1890s to the present, extending the discussion beyond Europe. Chapters III and IV focus on the surprising parallels of phraseological figurative units within Europe and beyond, attributed to both inner-European and TRANS-EURASIAN interactions, as emphasized by Piirainen. Schmitt, Merolle, and Otto investigate lexical and semantic similarities across European languages, linking them to historical contacts. Geisler addresses the complex language of law across European languages, while Steller proposes the creation of an inter-European language based on reconstructed similarities among the major linguistic branches. Chapter V concludes with discussions on teaching and acquisition aids by Ferrarotti/Castorina, Cucco-Robbiolio, and Ureland.

This is the fifth Eurolinguistics volume, which contains the papers given at the 5th International Symposium at the University of St Andrews, Scotland, 2004. It is a continuation of a series on Eurolinguistic publications initiated by the Logos Verlag in 2003. The main aim of the symposium was to explore the effects of language contact and multilingualism in different maritime areas of western and northern Europe: Scandinavia, the Baltic States, the British Isles, The Low Countries, France, Italy, and the Pyrenean Peninsula. The contributions are centered on a wide-range of geohistorical maritime contacts with different spectra of multilingual and minority situations along the coasts and rivers of Maritime Europe. For an adequate and non-traditional subdivision of Europe which is neither national nor political, the articles published here deal with contacts under broader geographical terms such as Eurolinguistics West, Eurolinguistics South and Eurolinguistics North. It contains major water-bound regions belonging to the water-drainage areas of seas, lakes and rivers in the sense of Maritime Eurolinguistics. Eurolinguistics West: articles by Matasovi 'c, Anderson, McKendry and M üller, Rendall, Kremer, Augusto, Schaarschmidt. Eurolinguistics South: articles by Selbach, Ferguson, Penny, Huygens, Perea, Lodge. Socanac. Eurolinguistics North: articles by Ureland and Voronkova, Voronkova, Kusmenko, De Geer, S öderg aa rd, Cathey.

'Eurolinguistics' has established itself as a new orientation of linguistic research and a complement to structural linguistics over the past few years. The multilingual individual is at the centre of this new field, as he is considered to be the locus of language change and development. With its Europe-wide orientation, Eurolinguistics means a departure from a narrow monolingual framework and an opening-up to a larger field of research which also includes other disciplines of European studies (Europäistik). Fourteen of the 20 articles published here were given as papers in Pushkin, while six were presented as written contributions in connection with the 1999 Eurolinguistics symposium which became a meeting place for scholars from the East and the West: West-European linguistics meets East-European linguistics.

Focus is on the world-wide phenomenon of linguistic migration to North America. Most treatments of linguistic transfer of European languages to the North American Continent have so far been written within a narrow national-philological framework for each language emigrated, although there are great similarities in the overall history of the migrating languages, both from a micro-linguistic and macro-linguistic point of view. Formal-linguistic phenomena such as for instance borrowing, mixing and code switching occur everywhere in a similar typology of interference and transference which is exemplified in every article of this book. Also the socioethnic development of most north-western European languages in North America demonstrate the same pattern: cultural convergence and loss of distinct ethnic markers in the course of time and change of generations under concomitant loss of the Old World languages. This lack of globality in dealing with the languages emigrated to North America is due to one-sided training in linguistics and is to be seen as an outcome of national upbringing not only in the national philologies but also the nationally-centred type of structural and generative linguistics.

This volume contains a selection of papers which have been revised and extended for publication from two working groups held at conferences at Galway (1992) and Göteborg (1993) which celebrated the quincentenary of Columbus' discovery of America in 1492. The pre-Columbian period of language contact is covered by articles on Old Norse in the Faroes, Scotland and Ireland, the Shetland dialect and Norn, and placenames in Iceland and Greenland. The articles on the post-Columbian period are wide-ranging and cover, in the Scandinavian context, the Scandinavian emigration, American Swedish, American Finnish, Swedish-Spanish and various aspects of Norwegian in America and also in Spitzbergen in the British colonial context, English dialects in New England, Scottish Gaelic in Nova Scotia and Scots in North America (Maryland, the Appalachians and Virginia) in the context of the later continental mass emigration, American Dutch, Texas German, Croatian and Italian. Two papers deal with reverse emigration, that of Sicilian and Calabrian dialects, and the special case of Krio in Sierra Leone.