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This volume focuses on the outstanding contributions made by botany and the mathematical sciences to the genesis and development of early modern garden art and garden culture. The many facets of the mathematical sciences and botany point to the increasingly “scientific” approach that was being adopted in and applied to garden art and garden culture in the early modern period. This development was deeply embedded in the philosophical, religious, political, cultural and social contexts, running parallel to the beginning of processes of scientization so characteristic for modern European history. This volume strikingly shows how these various developments are intertwined in gardens for various purposes.

Volume 18 in the CGL-Studies series, titled “Environmental Policy and Landscape Architecture,” stems from an international symposium held in Jerusalem in March 2011, organized by the Van Leer Jerusalem Institute and the Centre of Garden Art and Landscape Architecture. The event explored how various aspects of landscape architecture can address environmental challenges. Key chapters include Sustainable Development and Landscaping, Environmental Policy and Local Contributions, Designing Public Open Spaces for Social Sustainability, Spatial Planning in Israel/Palestine, and Water and Soil Conservation. Authors discuss a range of topics, such as the role of religions in environmentalism, strategies for Palestinian society to tackle urban development challenges through landscape architecture, and effective soil conservation methods for agricultural sustainability in semi-arid regions. A primary goal of the symposium was to identify collaborative opportunities in environmental and landscaping efforts among Israelis, Palestinians, Muslims, Jews, and Christians in a region fraught with tension. The contributors are scholars from diverse fields, including landscape architecture, urban planning, technology assessment, philosophy of science, environmental communication, and ecology, representing Israel, Palestine, the USA, Norway, and Germany.

Das Thema dieses Bandes der CGL-Studies, «Gärten und Parks im Leben der jüdischen Bevölkerung nach 1933», beleuchtet ein bislang wenig erforschtes Feld. Die Bedeutung von Gärten und Parks für die jüdische Bevölkerung während der nationalsozialistischen Diktatur wird erst seit kurzem systematisch untersucht. Diese Orte fungierten sowohl als (temporäre) Zufluchtsstätten als auch als Schauplätze von Verfolgung und Diskriminierung. Im Rahmen einer Tagung, gefördert von der Volkswagen Stiftung, erarbeiteten Wissenschaftlerinnen und Wissenschaftler aus verschiedenen Disziplinen wie Geschichte, Literaturwissenschaft, Landschaftsarchitektur, Recht und Sozialwissenschaft unterschiedliche Fragestellungen zu diesem Thema. Die präsentierten Themen reichen von Gärten und Parks im Kontext von Antisemitismus und Apartheid über literarische Erinnerungswelten bis hin zu jüdischen Friedhöfen, Gärten in Ghettos und Konzentrationslagern. Auch die Rolle der Israelitischen Gartenbauschule Ahlem in Hannover sowie die gartenkulturellen Traditionen in Israel werden thematisiert. Den Abschluss bildet ein Beitrag zu Fragen der Denkmalpflege.

The description of the climate system and the quantification of its natural variability are crucial for assessing anthropogenic climate change and validating climate and biogeochemical models for future projections. Due to the limited spatio-temporal coverage of direct meteorological observations, high-resolution, absolutely dated climate archives are essential for quantifying seasonal to millennial climate variations. Climate models also provide insights into the major processes affecting climate variability over these time scales. However, integrating these two approaches is often challenging due to their differing natures. General Circulation Models (GCMs) utilize spatially resolved data representing real climate variables, with each model run reflecting a possible realization of climate history under specific boundary conditions. In contrast, natural climate archives capture climate variations as they occurred but are typically representative of local conditions. The climate information derived from these archives often relies on proxies, necessitating the establishment of a transfer function to relate them to actual climate variables. This complexity underscores the need for a combined effort to enhance our understanding of climate dynamics and variability.