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This unique introduction covers both low- and high-density thermoplastic foams in an easy-to-follow style that avoids excursions into the theoretical aspects of foam processing. The book provides information on materials and their properties and on all major foam extrusion processes. A considerable part of the volume is taken up by comprehensive troubleshooting guuides, designed to help newcomers as well as seasoned practitioners navigate the pitfalls of foam extrusion. - Introduction - Foam Materials - Flow Characteristics of Foamable Polymers - The Foaming Process - Extrusion Equipment - Processing Variants - Mechanical Design of Foams - Troubleshooting Guides - Glossary of Foam Terms

The rapid growth of the thermoforming industry has attracted the interest of many plastic product manufacturers who would normally consider the thermoforming process as competition to their currently employed process, such as injection molders and blow molders. This primer is designed for those readers who are not yet familiar with thermoforming technology. Extensive formal technical background is not required! Contents: O Introduction O Polymers and Plastics O General Forming Concepts O Machinery for the Forming Process O Thin-gauge, Roll-Fed Machines O Heavy-Gauge Sheet Forming O Methods of Heating Sheet O Sheet Stretching and Cooling O Trimming O Molds and Mold Design O Part Design O Quality Control Issues O Set-Up, Maintenance, and Troubleshooting O Glossary of Terms

This thorough text covers thermoforming processes and products. It moves from a relatively simple approach to more technical in-depth consideration, featuring examples and guidelines to illustrate all technical aspects. Contents: - Definitions, History, Methods, and Equipment - Polymeric Materials - Heating the Sheet - Stretching the Sheet - Cooling and Trimming the Part - Molds - Parts Design - Producing Sheet and Film - Latest Technologies - Set-Up Protocols, Trouble-shooting, and the Economics of Thermoforming