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After two successful meetings on the ecological implications of GM-crop cultivation in 2008 and 2010, the authors felt encouraged to carry out a follow-up conference in 2012. GMLS III highlights recent scientific developments in the analysis of risks in the agricultural use of genetically modified plants. While in some countries a GM-based agriculture has been largely established, other regions of the world continue cultivation of conventional varieties only. This acknowledges a persistent reservation of the public towards GMO products. The overall need of an emphasis in independent studies becomes continuously more obvious. Experts from Europe, United States, Ghana and Argentina report their scientific results and experience with ecological, socio-economical and administrative implications.

This book presents the results of the GMLS II conference on «Implications of GM-Crop Cultivation at Large Spatial Scales», held in Bremen in March 2010. The meeting was a platform to discuss ecological, agricultural and economic implications of genetically modified organisms (GMO) and to present new developments in risk assessment and monitoring. Approaches in co-existence regulations and nature protection standards are presented as well as legal challenges and resolutions on national and on EU-level. The book collects 30 contributions written by specialists in science, administration and jurisprudence from Europe as well as Africa, Central America, and Russia.

Proceedings of the Interantional conference on "Implications of GM crop cultivation at large spatial scales, GMLS-2008," was held at the University of Bremen, Germany, 2nd-4th of April 2008.

This volume presents twenty contributions of international experts in science and administration on: - Expectations and anticipations of effects of genetically modified organisms (GMO) - Novel aspects in environmental risk evaluation - Legal aspects and monitoring - Concepts of risk and perception in the society While the industry attempts to turn the emerging properties of transgenic organisms into marketable products, the general public in Europe remains intransigently sceptical to accept genetically modified organisms as food or food ingredients. In the heated public debate on GMO scientific arguments are likely to be used instrumentally from various sides - either to advertise or to demonise. Despite the intensity of the controversies, an important basis of decision, a central reference point of judgement remains widely obscured: What measure can be used to decide whether an environmental change, brought about by a certain type of genetically modified organism, is harmful or not? It was this deficit that encouraged the Specialist Group on Gene Ecology of the Ecological Society of Germany, Austria and Switzerland to invite experts in order to critically evaluate experiences with the use of genetically modified organisms in agriculture as well as to present the state of scientific knowledge to operationalise the concepts of risk, hazard and damage.