Logical and relational learning

Iusethetermlogicalandrelationallearning torefertothesub? eldofarti? cial intelligence, machinelearninganddataminingthatisconcernedwithlearning in expressive logical or relational representations. It is the union of inductive logic programming, (statistical) relational learning and multi-relational data mining, which all have contributed techniques for learning from data in re- tional form. Even though some early contributions to logical and relational learning are about forty years old now, it was only with the advent of - ductive logic programming in the early 1990s that the ? eld became popular. Whereas initial work was often concerned with logical (or logic programming) issues, thefocushasrapidlychangedtothediscoveryofnewandinterpretable knowledge from structured data, often in the form of rules, and soon imp- tant successes in applications in domains such as bio- and chemo-informatics and computational linguistics were realized. Today, the challenges and opp- tunities of dealing with structured data and knowledge have been taken up by the arti? cial intelligence community at large and form the motivation for a lot of ongoing research. Indeed, graph, network and multi-relational data mining are now popular themes in data mining, and statistical relational learning is receiving a lot of attention in the machine learning and uncertainty in art- cial intelligence communities. In addition, the range of tasks for which logical and relational techniques have been developed now covers almost all machine learning and data mining tasks.