Geodetic reference frames

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Geodetic reference frames underpin three-dimensional, time-dependent positioning across global, regional, and national networks, including cadastre, engineering, navigation, and geosciences. The Symposium's program, organized by the Sub-commissions, Projects, and Study Groups of Commission 1, focused on eight key themes: 1. Combination of space techniques, 2. Global reference frames, 3. Regional reference frames, 4. Interaction of terrestrial and celestial frames, 5. Vertical reference frames, 6. Ionosphere modeling and analysis, 7. Satellite altimetry, and 8. Use of GNSS for reference frames. Established in 2003, Commission 1 “Reference Frames” of the International Association of Geodesy (IAG) aims to address fundamental scientific challenges related to reference frame establishment. A day of the Symposium featured a joint meeting with the International Congress of the Fédération Internationale des Géomètres (FIG) and the INTERGEO congress of the German Association of Surveying, Geo-information, and Land Management. The contributions from this meeting are included in the proceedings, emphasizing the Commission's objectives of defining, establishing, maintaining, and improving geodetic reference frames, as well as advancing terrestrial and space observation techniques.