Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators

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The growing recognition of hypogonadism's diverse effects on various organs has reinforced the view of estrogens as systemic agents. This aligns with the range of tissues influenced by estrogens in hormone therapy for hypogonadic women. Beyond the genital tract and breast, areas such as the skeleton, vascular system, and central nervous system exhibit sensitivity to estrogens. This has sparked significant interest, reflected in the extensive literature discussing the benefits and risks of estrogen use. Concurrently, basic research has deepened our understanding of the complexities of estrogen action at the molecular level. While effects mediated through specific receptors have long been a cornerstone of estrogen action interpretation, evidence now supports the existence of receptor-independent effects. Advances in modern technology have illuminated the intricacies of estrogen's versatile actions. This enhanced understanding of estrogen's sophisticated mechanisms has led to various hypotheses about manipulating its action. The idea that a widely established regulatory system, like the estrogen receptor machinery, could be modulated at will presents an intriguing, albeit still elusive, concept.