Impact of interactions with the environment on the quantum optical response of individual quantum dots

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Transferring information through optical signals has transformed the telecommunication industry and human interaction. Utilizing optical and digital protocols, data transfer rates have reached speeds up to 1 Peta-bit per second per kilometer. However, the core components of any telecommunication system are the transmitter and receiver, which connect optical signals to solid-state memories or logic elements for storage and decoding. Developing efficient optical transmitters and receivers requires a deep understanding of light-matter interfaces and photonic engineering. In classical optical communication, information is encoded in optical pulses with millions of photons, and research aims to enhance these methods for better information transfer and storage. At the quantum limit, where one bit is stored per particle, classical approaches falter due to the quantum mechanics governing single particle interactions. Advancing from classical to quantum receivers and transmitters in telecommunications necessitates a thorough grasp of non-classical light-matter interactions in solid-state systems. This thesis explores these non-classical effects at the optical interface of single particles in semiconductors, focusing on quantum states in optically active quantum dots within III-V compound semiconductors. Qubits functioning as quantum memory have been realized as single spins and excitons, which can be optically initialized, controlled,