Untersuchungen von Harn und Konkrementen

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The book begins with a preface and table of contents, followed by an introduction that outlines the general chemical and physical properties of urine. It covers normal composition, collection methods, and identification of urine, including aspects such as volume, color, clarity, odor, density, osmolality, and pH. The text then delves into the chemical examination of urine for pathological components, detailing the presence of proteins, sugars, ketone bodies, hemoglobin, bile pigments, porphyrins, bile acids, and indican, alongside methods for detecting rare pathological substances. Subsequently, the focus shifts to the identification of incidental urine components, including medications and toxins, before discussing the determination of normal constituents like electrolytes and organic components. Functional kidney diagnostics using simple methods are explored, including dilution and concentration tests, phenolsulfonphthalein excretion tests, clearance methods, and side-separated examination techniques. The microscopic examination of urine sediment is introduced, distinguishing organized and unorganized sediment components. Finally, the analysis of urinary stones is addressed through X-ray diffraction and other physicochemical methods, concluding with a literature section, image source references, and an index of terms.