A Cultural History of Marriage in the Modern Age

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This volume examines the transformation of marriage throughout the 20th century, particularly in the West, where it has lost its status as the primary social institution. In developing regions, traditional marriage remains stronger but is also facing challenges. The shift began with the rise of an industrial wage economy, which diminished patriarchal control over youth and women, fostering demands for autonomy in love. Post-World War II, as married women sought education and employment, and LGBTQ+ visibility increased, feminism and gay liberation began to challenge restrictive gender roles, reshaping the institution of marriage. While in 1920, lifelong marriage was the norm, the 21st century has seen a decline in marriage rates and the rise of serial monogamy, leading to a more diverse yet fragile understanding of marriage. Control over courtship has transitioned from parents to youth, with friends playing a crucial role in sustaining relationships. The dual-wage-earner model has replaced the traditional male breadwinner, as liberal social and political movements have expanded access to divorce and birth control. Despite enduring norms of masculinity and femininity, more egalitarian and romantic ideals of love have emerged, highlighted by the legalization of same-sex marriage in over twenty-five countries by 2020. The essays within this collection explore various aspects of marriage, including courtship, religion, kinship, fam