The Legal Scope of the Germano-Duala Treaties

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Focusing on the nuances of the Treaty of 12 July 1884, the author argues that it was primarily an agreement between German private entities and Duala princes rather than a formal treaty between states. The analysis highlights discrepancies between the Preliminary and Final Treaties, particularly the exclusion of key clauses that protected the Duala leaders' commercial rights. Additionally, the final agreement lacked unanimous ratification from all Duala sovereigns, raising questions about its legitimacy and impact on local governance.