Indigenous Archaeology in the Philippines: Decolonizing Ifugao History

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Dominant historical narratives often overlook Indigenous histories, particularly in cultures with long colonial experiences, as a response to colonialism. In the Philippines, dominant groups may adopt assimilationist perspectives. Collaborative archaeology serves as a vital tool to rectify historical inaccuracies. Recent archaeological investigations in Ifugao have revealed that the origins of the Cordillera Rice Terraces, previously thought to be over two thousand years old, are more recent. This research not only enhances understanding of this UNESCO World Heritage site but also emphasizes the importance of collaboration with Indigenous communities in uncovering their history and heritage. The work highlights how the Ifugao, an Indigenous group, have contested enduring colonial narratives through collaborative archaeology and knowledge co-production. Authors Stephen B. Acabado and Marlon M. Martin illustrate how the Ifugao made strategic decisions that benefited them, engaging with colonial enterprises to strengthen their sociopolitical organization and adapt to new economic systems. The archaeological record indicates that the Ifugao successfully resisted Spanish conquest and later adapted to American imperialism. This narrative showcases how descendant communities can reclaim their history and heritage through active collaboration with archaeologists, empowering those traditionally marginalized in national histories.