Fjodor Michailowitsch Dostojewski
November 11, 1821 – January 28, 1881
Also known as: Летописец | Зубоскалов | N.N. | Д. | Н. Н. | Ред. | М. | Пружинин | —ий | Зубоскал | Друг Кузьмы Пруткова | М-ий | Ф. Д.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky was a Russian writer and philosopher, one of the world's most prominent writers, a leading figure in Russian realism and at the same time a precursor to modern psychological prose. The beginnings of its creation are connected with the so-called school in kind, but gradually its framework has grown. His best-known works include the novels Crime and Punishment, The Idiot and The Brothers Karamazov.
Fyodor Mikhailovich Dostoyevsky was a novelist, novelist, columnist and thinker, was one of the most important writers of all time. At first he attended a private school, but after his mother's death in 1837 he was sent to a military engineering school in St Petersburg for existential reasons. After seven years of study, he left so that he could devote himself fully to writing - his literary origins were heavily influenced by Belinosky. In 1846, he joined a ring associated with the Russian revolutionary Mikhail Vasilievich Petrashevsky (1821-1866), in which the Russian intelligentsia met.
However, this circle was exposed and labelled as anti-state, and Dostoyevsky was an adherent to social utopian ideas, but in 1849 he and twenty other "petrashevskis" were sentenced to death. But the court eventually (fortunately for the literary world) changed the verdict, sending Dostoyevsky only to forced labor in an Omsk prison (1850-54) and to subsequent military service in Siberia (1854-59). In 1859 Dostoyevsky fell ill (physically and soon after, mentally) and was released. He returned to freedom as a writer with a religious mission.
In the 1960s, his wife and brother died, and debts flooded in, which he decisively took a turn for the worse when he fell into gambling. At the time, he proclaimed a return to the patriarchal foundations of national life as a rescue from the consequences of modern civilizational processes. He was co-publisher of 'Epoch' and 'Vremya'.
In his essays, he strongly supported Russia's direction toward the West and its modernization. Demonstrating crisis symptoms in the psychology of contemporary society, perniciously scarring human relations, he captured the contemporary movement of anarchist terrorists as well as moral and existential issues. Towards the end of his life, he was markedly influenced by mysticism.
Dostoevsky had been epileptic all his life, for which he eventually died. Paradoxically, it was only just before the author's death that his nation understood how great a writer he was.