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Microbial cell wall structures play a significant role in maintaining cells’ shape, as protecting layers against harmful agents, in cell adhesion and in positive and negative biological activities with host cells. All prokaryotes, whether they are bacteria or archaea, rely on their surface polymers for these multiple functions. Their surfaces serve as the indispensable primary interfaces between the cell and its surroundings, often mediating or catalyzing important interactions. Prokaryotic Cell Wall Compounds summarizes the current state of knowledge on the prokaryotic cell wall. Topics concerning bacterial and archaeal polymeric cell wall structures, biological activities, growth and inhibition, cell wall interactions and the applications of cell wall components, especially in the field of nanobiotechnology, are presented.

The ancient beverage wine results from the fermentation of grape must and has served various roles in human societies, including as a common drink, a means to improve water quality, a therapeutic agent, and a religious symbol. Over the centuries, wine has garnered scientific interest, evolving through distinct research phases. Initially, simple observations were made, followed by the elucidation of its chemical basis and the role of microorganisms. Subsequent studies focused on analyzing minor and trace compounds, understanding biochemical reactions, and exploring the diversity and activities of microorganisms involved in wine production. Recently, research has shifted to the genetic basis of these microorganisms and the molecular aspects of their cells, including metabolism and regulation. The progression of wine research has been influenced by the scientific methods available at each time. The modern molecular approach, based on genetic analysis, has yielded significant insights previously unimaginable. This new wealth of information is thoroughly explored in the Biology of Microorganisms on Grapes, in Must, and in Wine.

This is the first work to focus on microbes in gut systems of soil animals. Beginning with an overview of the biology of soil invertebrates, the text turns to the gut microbiota of termites, which are important soil processors in tropical and subtropical regions. Coverage extends to intestinal microbiota of such other litter decomposers as earthworms, springtails, millipedes, and woodlice. Thoroughly illustrated, including color photographs.