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Public policies are an arena of collective actions that respond to the main problems of society. They are understood as a cycle of decisions and actions of public administration aimed at achieving the desired benefits in the future. They are mostly used when market mechanisms fail and are not able to deal with the problem on their own, or when they do not work effectively enough. The multiplicity of problems and the inadequacies in their solutions create opportunities for the emergence of new sectoral policies and interventions that address both entirely new and traditional phenomena of social life, but require a new approach that recognizes the special importance of political factors. The main objective of sectoral policies is to support the development of the identified key areas of development. This monograph presents the ways of creating and implementing public policies related to educational, demographic and social problems.

The process of creating and implementing sectoral policy has been described from two perspectives. On the one hand, the attention of the contributors focuses mainly on the social actors of these policy - individuals and institutions on whose activity the process of implementing specific policy provisions depends. On the other hand, the complexity of sectoral policy forces the need to refer to many areas of social life around which specific solutions are created. The effectiveness of public policy, including sectoral policy, also requires indicating the context related to the socio-political conditions in Poland. To understand why different public policies emerge in different regions, it is important to understand the details that shape them. In this volume, it is crucial to indicate the determinants of the process of creating and implementing policy relating to selected aspects of socio-economic life (de facto sectoral policy) in Polish society.