Behave : the biology of humans at our best and worst

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Why do we do the things we do? This groundbreaking work by Robert Sapolsky explores this question from multiple angles, drawing on over a decade of research. Sapolsky's unique storytelling begins with the immediate neurobiological factors influencing behavior at the moment it occurs. He examines what happens in a person's brain just before an action, then expands the view to include sensory stimuli that trigger responses, and the hormonal influences from hours or days prior that affect individual reactivity. The exploration continues as he considers structural changes in the nervous system over time, including influences from childhood, adolescence, and even fetal development, ultimately linking behavior to genetic factors. Sapolsky broadens the scope further to examine how culture shapes individuals and the ecological factors that have influenced these cultural developments over millennia. This comprehensive synthesis integrates cutting-edge research across various disciplines, providing a nuanced perspective on human behavior. Sapolsky tackles complex issues such as tribalism, hierarchy, morality, and free will, presenting a wise, humane, and often humorous analysis. The result is a towering achievement that humanizes our understanding of actions, both positive and negative, while addressing profound questions about our nature and society.