The Romanovs

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For 300 years, the history of Russia was intertwined with the Romanovs, who claimed a divine right to rule and traced their lineage back to Peter the Great. As Russia's second and last imperial dynasty, they significantly shaped the nation's history until their downfall and murder in 1918. The 17th century was marked by chaos, internal disorder, and foreign threats. Under Peter the Great, Russia evolved into an empire through European trade and military campaigns. The influences of subsequent rulers—Michael, Ivan, Catherine II, Nicholas I, and Alexander III—further shaped the politics, society, art, and philosophy of their time, establishing Russia as a major world power. However, as the Romanovs celebrated their tercentenary in 1913, ominous signs emerged. The mystic Rasputin prophesied their downfall, and his growing influence on the Tsar became increasingly unpopular. The strain of World War I exacerbated unrest across Russia. On July 17, 1918, the Romanov dynasty ended when Tsar Nicholas II, his wife, and five children were brutally murdered by a Bolshevik execution squad, likely under Lenin's orders. This compelling work presents vivid portraits of the Romanov family, illustrating their contributions to Russia's creation and offering insights into an epic and fascinating history.