EFFECTIVE COMMITMENT IN THE MANY EGYPTIAN BUSINESS SECTORS

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Focusing on the role of line managers and HR departments, this research explores their influence on employee affective commitment within Egypt's business sector. Utilizing the framework of Gilbert, Winne, and Sels, the study assesses how line managers' HR practices, leadership behaviors, and HR service quality affect employee attitudes. By surveying 194 employees, it seeks to identify which of these factors most significantly impacts commitment, highlighting the importance of perceived HRM over intended HRM in shaping employee behavior.