Ecology of frailejones in the Sumapaz páramo, Colombia

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The study explores the relationship between the population structure of Espeletia grandiflora and its sexual propagation in a disturbed area of the Chisacá páramo. It highlights the species' large seed supply, low dispersal, and seasonal germination, which contribute to a regenerative seed bank. Despite a low survival rate for seedlings, mature individuals exhibit longevity, categorizing the species as a non-pioneer ecotype. This research is crucial for understanding high mountain ecology and supports conservation and resource management efforts in vulnerable páramo ecosystems.