The Amsterdam Treaty and the Constitutionalization of the EU

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The evolution of democracy within the European Union from 1992 to 2007 highlights significant reforms aimed at addressing the EU's democratic deficit, culminating in the Lisbon Treaty. The ratification debates spurred treaty changes, while the EU's membership policy now mandates that only democratic nations can join. This shift marks a pivotal transformation in the EU's identity, moving from an economic focus to one that emphasizes democratic governance and principles, making it a notable experiment in global democracy.