The Analects: A Guide

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The Analects (Lunyu) is the earliest and most influential record of the teachings of Kongzi (551-479 B.C.E.), known in the West as "Confucius." Its impact is profound, as many have lived according to its teachings, making it arguably the most influential text globally. This work argues for the study of the Analects as a sacred text, illuminating not only the text and the Confucian tradition but also the broader concept of the sacred. It begins by exploring what it means for a text to be considered sacred, particularly in the context of the Analects' unique history. A close examination of the text follows, addressing its structure, composition, and the role it has played in the Confucian tradition as the earliest and most authoritative record of Kongzi's teachings. The book also delves into the Analects' status as the primary collection of Confucian teachings, which has elicited responses from major Confucians and thinkers across various traditions, including Mohism, Daoism, and Buddhism. Additionally, it situates the text's teachings within the religious practices of its time, such as Zhou rituals (li) and the veneration of ancestors and nature spirits. The discussion extends to the Analects' use and reception throughout history, from its initial compilation to its influence during China's imperial era and the modern revival of Confucian temple activities.